Travel to Pushkin's places presentation. Presentation "Excursion to Pushkin's places" (grade 11) on literature - project, report. Boldino, Nizhny Novgorod region
Goal: to introduce students to the pages of the biography of A.S. Pushkin Objectives: to develop students’ interest in literature as an academic subject; development of cognitive activity of students; fostering a sense of pride in the cultural and historical heritage of our country.
Mikhailovskoye is the family estate of the Hannibal-Pushkins, the poet’s poetic homeland, the place of his spiritual and creative formation and, at the same time, the place of imprisonment: a “lovely corner” in which the poet spent “an exile for two unnoticed years.” The poet first visited Mikhailovskoye as a young man and was fascinated by the beauty of these places, the spirit of “deep antiquity,” and here the years of his exile passed, which became both a heavy burden and a time of insight for him. And after his exile, Pushkin repeatedly visited Mikhailovskoye, which became for him “a haven of peace, work and inspiration”:
Mikhailovsky Park occupies a large area, favorite place the poet's walks, the source of his creative inspiration. There are many corners here that preserve the memory of Pushkin. This is the memorial spruce alley and the famous island of solitude, the Black Hannibal pond and the earthen grotto, the Chapel of the Archangel Michael and, of course, the famous Kern alley. A picturesque view opens from the outskirts of Mikhailovskoye to lakes Kuchane and Malenets, the Sorot river and the “winged mill”, “wooded hill” and Savkina hill. Savkina Gorka View of the Sorot RiverMikhailovsky Park “Krylat Mill”
There are ponds in the park, one of which contains Pushkin’s favorite corner - “Island of Solitude”. Humpbacked Bridge
Behind a small pond is located one of the most beautiful alleys of the park that have survived to this day - the linden alley, which is popularly called “Kern Alley”, in memory of the great masterpiece written by A.S. Pushkin after Anna Petrovna Kern’s visit to Mikhailovsky in June 1825.
Anna Petrovna Kern ...I remember a wonderful moment: You appeared before me Like a fleeting vision, Like a genius of pure beauty... A.S. Pushkin
About a hundred works of the poet were created in Mikhailovskoye: the tragedy "Boris Godunov", the central chapters of the novel "Eugene Onegin", the poem "Count Nulin", the poem "Gypsies" was completed, "small tragedies" were conceived, poems such as "Village", " Prophet", "I Remember a Wonderful Moment", "I Visited Again" and many others.
“The novel “Eugene Onegin” “was almost entirely written in my eyes,” recalled the poet’s Trigorsk friend Alexei Vulf. Pushkin himself remarked: “I am in best position to finish my poetic novel" ("Eugene Onegin").
Onegin's Bench At the very edge of a steep cliff to the Soroti River, under the canopy of centuries-old oaks and linden trees, there is a white garden bench. This place in the park is called “Onegin’s bench”. From here there is a magnificent view of the picturesque valleys of Soroti, the road to Mikhailovskoye, along which Pushkin passed, is clearly visible.
Nanny's room (girl's room). Here, under the guidance of Pushkin’s nanny Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva (), the courtyard girls were engaged in needlework. In the living room there are “portraits of grandfathers on the walls.”
Restored in 1947, reconstructed in 1999 in accordance with the “Inventory of the village of Mikhailovsky” of 1838: “It is of a wooden structure, roofed and paneled, there are rooms in it. Under one connection is a bathhouse with a Dutch oven, and in it a mediocre-sized boiler.” Nanny's house. In the summer, the poet's nanny, Arina Rodionovna, lived in the lighthouse. In the bathhouse (soap house), Pushkin, like the hero of his novel, Onegin, took ice baths.
For Pushkin, every fairy tale of his kind and uniquely talented nanny Arina Rodionovna was a real poem. “He’s always with her when she’s at home,” the courtyard people recalled. Mikhailovsky. Pushkin later used her fairy tales as the plots of his own fairy tales in verse.
5 kilometers south of Mikhailovsky, on low hills surrounded by pine forest, is the Svyatogorsky Monastery. In the southern aisle of the Cathedral of the Svyatogorsk Monastery on the night of February 5-6 (Old Style) there was a coffin with Pushkin’s body. Back in April 1836, Pushkin brought his mother’s body from St. Petersburg to the Svyatogorsk Monastery for burial and immediately bought a place here for himself. In February 1837 Pushkin was buried here. In the spring of the same year, the coffin with Pushkin’s body was reburied in a deeper grave and a wooden cross with the inscription “Pushkin” was placed on it.
In 1841 At the insistence of the poet’s wife, a monument was erected at the grave; on the gray granite base of the obelisk, the following was carved in gold letters: “Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin Born in Moscow, May 26, 1799. Died in St. Petersburg, January 29, 1837.”
Pushkin's will has been fulfilled, and, as the poet predicted, the “people's path” to him does not become overgrown. The ashes of the great poet have been resting for the second century, and interest in the life and work of the Russian genius does not dry up. Pushkin consecrated this corner of the earth with his immortal poems and glorified it throughout the world.
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THROUGH PUSHKIN'S PLACES The road dispels sadness and awakens hopes: Pleasures are still stored For my curiosity, For sweet dreams of the imagination, For feelings... A.S. Pushkin
The village of Zakharovo near Moscow 1805-1810 Xavier de Maistre. Pushkin the child. 1800-1802. “I don’t know what will happen to my eldest grandson. The boy is smart and a lover of books, but he studies poorly, rarely passing his lesson in order; either you can’t stir him up, you can’t get him to play with the children, then suddenly he turns around and diverges so much that you can’t calm him down: he rushes from one extreme to another, he has no middle ground.” Childhood impressions were reflected in the first experiments of Pushkin’s poems, written a little later, “The Monk "1830, "Bova" 1814, in lyceum poems "Message to Yudin" 1815, "Dream" 1816 Maria Alekseevna Hannibal (1745-1818), paternal grandmother
Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum 1811-1817 I.E. Repin “Pushkin at the Lyceum Exam” Wherever fate throws us And happiness wherever it leads, We are still the same: to us the whole world foreign land; Our Fatherland is Tsarskoe Selo. Rooms for students of V.A. Favorsky “Pushkin the Lyceum Student”
MIKHAILOVSKOE 1817 - 1836 Under your canopy, Mikhailovsky groves, I appeared - when you saw me for the first time, then I was - A cheerful youth, carelessly, greedily I began to live; - The years have flown by - and you have accepted in me a Tired stranger. “The frenzy of boredom is consuming my stupid existence,” he writes upon arriving in Mikhailovskoye. Twice he tried to escape from exile, he tried to get a change from. Mikhailovsky even to any of the fortresses. Friends try to calm him down. “For everything that happened to you and that you brought upon yourself, I have one answer: poetry,” wrote V.A. Zhukovsky from St. Petersburg. “You have not a talent, but a genius. You are a rich man, you have an integral means to be above undeserved misfortune, and to turn what is deserved into good; you, more than anyone else, can and must have moral dignity.” V.A.Zhukovsky
Svyatogorsk Monastery Lithograph from Fig. I. Ivanova. 1838 Here Holy Providence overshadowed me with a mysterious shield, Poetry, like a comforting angel, saved me and I was resurrected in soul. About a hundred works by the poet were created in Mikhailovskoye: the tragedy "Boris Godunov", from the end of the 3rd to the beginning of the 7th chapter of the novel "Eugene Onegin", the poem "Count Nulin", the poem "Gypsies" was completed, "small tragedies" were conceived, such poems as “The Village”, “The Prophet”, “I Remember a Wonderful Moment”, “I Visited Again” and many others were written. Reduced facsimile of Pushkin's manuscript Boris Godunov. Engravings "Gypsies". Drawing of Pushkin on a manuscript (1823) Self-portrait of F.I. Chaliapin as Boris Godunov
Trigorskoe “Do you know my activities? - he wrote to brother Lev, - before lunch I write my notes, have lunch late, after lunch I ride on horseback, in the evening I listen to fairy tales - and thereby compensate for the shortcomings of my damned upbringing.” I.I. Pushchin F. Vernet. 1817 A.P. Delvig V.P. Langer. 1830 A.M. Gorchakov Unknown thin 1810s Anna Petrovna Kern 1800-1879 P.A. Vyazemsky Unknown artist. Around 1920. From a drawing by A. Pushkin N.Ge. Pushkin in Mikhailovsky
Chisinau 1820 House-Museum of A.S. Pushkin before restoration The boss treated Pushkin’s service leniently, allowing him to be absent for a long time. “Southern Poems” were written: “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, Brothers-Robbers, “the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” began. Author’s portrait of Eugene Onegin, 1830. Pushkin’s autograph - self-portrait with Onegin on the Neva embankment
Crimea 1820 Gurzuf Gurzuf in the 1820s Repeatedly his thoughts were carried away to sweet places: “I visit you again I drink greedily the air of voluptuousness, As if I hear the close voice of long-lost happiness.” The poet dreamed of returning here all his life, with hope and doubt he asked : “Will I again see through the dark forests and arches of rocks and seas the azure shine, and the skies as clear as joy?” Crimea became a place of spiritual rebirth for Pushkin, and it is no coincidence that his poetic testament, according to ancient myths about the return of the souls of the dead to the dear earthly boundaries, is addressed to Gurzuf: “So if you can move away from Ottol, where the eternal light burns, Where happiness is eternal, immutable, My spirit will fly to Yurzuf..."
“In Yurzuf,” noted A. Pushkin, “I lived in Sydney, swam in the sea and ate grapes... I loved waking up at night and listening to the sound of the sea, and I listened for hours. A young cypress tree grew two steps from the house; Every morning I visited him and became attached to him with a feeling similar to friendship.” House of Duke Richelieu - Pushkin Museum Monument to Pushkin in Gurzuf
Feodosia House of S.M. Bronevsky in Feodosia, where K.P. Pushkin stayed. Bryullov. Bakhchisarai fountain. 1838-49 Fountain of love, living fountain! I brought you two roses as a gift. "Bakhchisaray" - in Tatar - "palace of gardens". At the beginning of September 1820, Pushkin and the Raevskys set off from Gurzuf to Simferopol and stopped in Bakhchisarai along the way. The poet wrote in a letter to Delvig: “When I entered the palace, I saw a damaged fountain, water was falling drop by drop from a rusty iron tube. I walked around the palace with great annoyance at the neglect in which it was decaying, and at the semi-European alterations of some rooms.” Walking through the courtyards, Pushkin saw the ruins of a harem. Wild roses covered the stones of the wall like a cloak. The poet picked two and placed them at the foot of the almost dried-up fountain, to which he later dedicated poems, as well as the poem “The Bakhchisarai Fountain.” Bakhchisarai
Odessa 1823 -1824 I lived then in dusty Odessa: There the skies were clear for a long time, There the busy and plentiful trade hoisted its sails; There, everything breathes and blows with Europe, Everything shines with the south and is replete with living diversity. The golden language of Italy Sounds along the cheerful street, Where the proud Slav walks, The Frenchman, the Spaniard, the Armenian, And the Greek, and the heavy Moldavian, And the son of the Egyptian soil, The retired corsair, Morals. A.S. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin") Here he wrote two and a half chapters of "Eugene Onegin", the poem "Gypsies", finished "The Bakhchisarai Fountain", the poems: "Desert sower of freedom", "The innocent guard was dozing on the royal threshold", "Why were you sent was and who sent you", "Night", "Demon", "The Cart of Life", "The Terrible Hour Will Come" Richelieu Boulevard I. Aivazovsky "Pushkin on the Seashore" 1887
Nizhny Novgorod village of Boldino 1830, 1833, 184 “Autumn is approaching. This is my favorite time... - the time for my literary works is coming... I’m going to the village, God knows whether I’ll have time to study there...” (From a letter to P. A. Pletnev on August 31, 1830).
In the very first week spent here, Pushkin’s mood changes. Rural life with its leisurely rhythm and freedom, beloved autumn, and the healing charm of rural nature have a beneficial effect on the poet. In a letter to the same Pletnev, he shares his first impressions of Boldin: “Oh, my dear! What a beauty this village is! imagine: steppe and steppe; not a soul's neighbors; ride as much as you like, write at home as much as you like, no one will interfere. I’ll prepare all sorts of things for you, both prose and poetry... I’ll tell you (for the secret) that I wrote in Boldin, as I haven’t written for a long time...” “...Petersburg is the hallway, Moscow is the girl’s, the village is our office. A decent person, of necessity, passes through the hallway and rarely looks into the maid’s room, but sits in his office.”
Boldino autumn of 1830 September 7 September 8 September 9 September 13 September 14 September 18 September 20 September 25 September 1 October 5 October 12-14 October 16 October 20 October 23 October 26 October 1 November 6 November “Demons” “Elegy” “Undertaker” “The Tale of priest and his worker Balda" "Station Warden" Chapter 8 "Eugene Onegin" "Young Peasant Lady" Chapter 9 "Eugene Onegin" "My Ruddy Critic" "House in Kolomna" "Shot" "My Pedigree" "Blizzard" "The Miserly Knight" » “Mozart and Salieri” “History of the village of Goryukhin” “Feast during the plague”
“The first snow greeted me in the village, and now the yard in front of my window is white...,” the poet writes to Natalya Nikolaevna on September 15. “I’m glad that I got to Boldin; It seems that I will have less trouble than I expected. I would really like to write something. I don’t know if inspiration will come.” Boldino autumn of 1833 The poem “The Bronze Horseman”, the story “The Queen of Spades” and the historical work “The History of Pugachev” were created. Portrait of N. N. Pushkina by A. Bryullov (1831-1832)
Boldino autumn 1834 For the third and last time, Pushkin comes to Boldino. This time he was brought here by economic concerns. It was autumn again - a favorite time for creativity. Pushkin is waiting for inspiration. However, “poems don’t come to mind.” “I’ll wait a little longer,” the poet writes to his wife, “and maybe I’ll sign; if not, so is the way with God.” This autumn he wrote only “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel” in Boldin...
I matured among the sad storms, And the stream of my days, muddy for so long, Now subsided into a momentary drowsiness And reflected the heavenly azure.
Ural 1832-1833 Orenburg Uralsk Monument to A.S. Pushkin in Chelyabinsk Monument to A.S. Pushkin in Orenburg A.S. Pushkin’s stay in the Urals is associated with the writing of “The History of Pugachev” and “The Captain’s Daughter”. In Berda, Alexander Sergeevich finds an old Cossack woman who knew, saw and remembered Pugachev. Irina Afanasyevna Buntova, who was seventy-three years old in 1833. Her father served in the Pugachev detachment. E.I. Pugachev
Moscow 1799 -1811, 1826-1831, 1831 -1836 View of part of the city from the Kremlin wall Yelokhov Cathedral, in which Pushkin was baptized Pushkin’s apartment on the Arbat. Church of the Ascension, where Pushkin was married to N.N. Goncharova Moscow: how much in this sound merged for the Russian heart, How much echoed in it! Monument to A.S. Pushkin A.M. Opekushina
1820 Literary society “Green Lamp”, the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, the ode “Liberty”, the poems “Village”, “To Chaadaev”, “N.Ya. Pluskova” were written, merciless political epigrams on Alexander I, Arakcheev ... St. -Petersburg 1827 - 1830 Pushkin is more a guest than a permanent resident of St. Petersburg. Saint Petersburg. Monument to Pushkin on the Square of Arts I love you, Peter’s creation, I love your strict, slender appearance, the sovereign current of the Neva, its coastal granite, your cast iron fence pattern, your thoughtful nights Transparent twilight, moonless shine, When I write in my room, I read without a lamp And the sleeping masses of the Deserted streets are clear, and the Admiralty needle is bright...
1834-1837 The last years of his life Pushkin’s apartment on the Moika Embankment, 12 An original Pushkin device from the museum on the Moika In the courtyard of the Pushkin Museum-Apartment Pushkin, mortally wounded in a duel, was laid on the sofa in the office In the poet’s library Living room
Black River January 27 (February 8), 1837 Adrian Volkov. The last shot of A.S. Pushkin Duel of Pushkin with Dantes. (artist A. Naumov), 1885 Dueling pistols from the time of Pushkin. Pushkin's original pistol has not survived; Dantes' pistol is in a private collection in France. Georges Dantes
Memorial obelisk at the site of Pushkin's duel metro station. Black River, St. Petersburg The grave of A.S. Pushkin in the Svyatogorsk Monastery No, all of me will not die, my soul is in the treasured lyre My ashes will survive and will escape decay... Portrait of A.S. Pushkin Artist O.A. Kiprensky
Once upon a time, the lands along the shores of two picturesque lakes Kuchane and Malenets and the beautiful Soroti River were granted to Pushkin’s great-grandfather Abram Petrovich Hannibal - “Peter the Great’s Blackamoor.” One of the villages, Mikhailovskoye, was inherited by the poet’s mother. River Sorot Lake Malenets Sunset on Lake Kuchane Pushkin’s great father Abram Petrovich Hannibal
Pushkin wrote: “In the 4th song of Onegin I depicted my life.” Like his Onegin in the village, the poet got up very early and went to swim in the Sorot River. Then he got to work: he read a lot, made sketches of future works, and composed. View from the balcony of the Sorot River Poet's study Bookshelf
It was easy and good for Pushkin to work at Mikhailovsky. Here he wrote more than a hundred works, including “Count Nulin”, “Gypsies”, “Boris Godunov”, the central chapters of “Eugene Onegin”... Who can look coolly, indifferently at his parents’ house? Whoever greets him obediently will not have his chest tremble more quickly! Manuscript by A. S. Pushkin
The Mikhailovsky estate preserves expensive relics - things that belonged to the poet. A slide with family belongings The first biographer of Pushkin, P. Annenkov, remembers this village cane in his book: “Mikhailovsky’s staff came in handy for Pushkin when he fell with a horse on the ice and was badly hurt. After this incident, Pushkin was difficult to move in general, and the staff was declared for him necessary thing" Pushkin's cane
At the end of the spruce alley, on the bow hill, there is a chapel. This chapel was the place where, after the poet’s death, his wife Natalya Nikolaevna, together with her children’s doctor, received sick local peasants and treated them medical care. This chapel was the place where, after the poet’s death, his wife Natalya Nikolaevna, together with her children’s doctor, received sick local peasants and provided them with medical care.
At the edge of the path leading from Spruce Alley to Hannibal's Black Pond, there is a grotto. The hill was built when, by order of Hannibal, a deep pond nearby was dug. The soil for the hill was dug from a pit. A cave was built in the center of the hill. The entrance to it was lined with cobblestones in the form of an arch. The cave was shallow, its walls were lined with turf, the ceiling was supported by 4 wooden pillars. Inside the grotto there was a turf sofa and a small table, also turf. Sometimes in the evenings a lamp was lit here. Everything was fabulous and simple. The hill was built when, by order of Hannibal, a deep pond nearby was dug. The soil for the hill was dug from a pit. A cave was built in the center of the hill. The entrance to it was lined with cobblestones in the form of an arch. The cave was shallow, its walls were lined with turf, the ceiling was supported by 4 wooden pillars. Inside the grotto there was a turf sofa and a small table, also turf. Sometimes in the evenings a lamp was lit here. Everything was fabulous and simple. Grotto in the park
In the summer of 1825, Anna Petrovna Kern stayed in nearby Trigorskoye. Pushkin had seen her before in one of the St. Petersburg salons, and the new meeting made a huge impression on him. On a July evening, Kern visited Mikhailovskoye. That same night, Pushkin composes an inspired hymn of love: I remember a wonderful moment: You appeared before me, Like a fleeting vision, Like a genius of pure beauty...
Next to the path leading to the “Island of Solitude”, G. Dodonova’s sculpture “Pushkin the Lyceum Student” was installed. It is elegant and simple, blending with the surrounding nature. There is a lot of life and movement in the figure of the poet. Pushkin the youth. He just graduated from the lyceum. I came on vacation to my parents in Mikhailovskoye. He is in a particular rural look, the lyceum uniform has been thrown off his shoulders... He is fascinated by everything he sees around him. He looks at everything with a widened gaze. Everything was welcoming to him... He took a swim, got out of the water and lay down on the shore. He took a book of poetry out of his pocket. Pushkin the youth. He just graduated from the lyceum. I came on vacation to my parents in Mikhailovskoye. He is in a particular rural look, the lyceum uniform has been thrown off his shoulders... He is fascinated by everything he sees around him. He looks at everything with a widened gaze. Everything was welcoming to him... He took a swim, got out of the water and lay down on the shore. He took a book of poetry out of his pocket. “A young sage is dozing here. Neg and Apollo's pet..."
Mikhailovsky Park is a hermit's shelter. This is a park where it's hard to have fun. It is designed for solitude and reflection. He is a little gloomy with his centuries-old spruce trees, tall, silent and imperceptibly passes into centuries-old and deserted forests as majestic as himself. Only on the outskirts of the park, through the darkness that is always present under the arches of old trees, will a clearing suddenly open, overgrown with shiny buttercups, and a pond with quiet water. Dozens of small frogs pour into it. K. Paustovsky.
Memoirs of Ivan Pushchin “I brought Pushkin “Woe from Wit” as a gift; he was very pleased with this then handwritten comedy, which was almost unfamiliar to him before. After lunch, over a cup of coffee, he began to read it aloud, then he read me some of his own... he dictated the beginning of the poem “Gypsies” for “Polar Star” and asked, hugging Ryleev tightly, to thank him for his patriotic “Dumas” ... " Ivan Pushchin - Pushkin's best friend
After 3 years, the Decembrist Pushchin, exiled to hard labor, will read the lines written for him by Pushkin’s hand: My first friend, my priceless friend! And I blessed fate, When my secluded yard, covered with sad snow, Your bell rang. Country self-portrait
The ancient settlement of Savkino, located on the western outskirts of Mikhailovskoye, leaves an extraordinary impression. From the top of the fort, on which there is a wooden chapel and the legendary “Savkin Cross”, a view of Sorot, the surrounding area, and the distance opens up. At the settlement of Savkino Chapel and “Savkin cross” on the settlement
Pushkin avoided his neighbors. The only place he loved to be was in Trigorskoe, with the hospitable Osipov-Wulf family. The poet was a frequent and welcome guest on this estate. The appearance of the Osipov-Wulf house fully corresponded to the traditional idea of a manor's country house. It stood on a mountain, and it offered a delightfully beautiful view of the surrounding fields, meadows and forest.
A literary and memorial museum has been created in the house, the exhibition of which includes many original things of the Osipovs - Wulf, gifts from Pushkin, manuscripts of the poet’s works dedicated to his friends. Office of Alexey Wulf Trigorskoe. Library Room of E. N. Wulf Room of the mistress of the house P. A. Osipova-Wulf Her portrait. Rice. Pushkin
From the house there is a path to Trigorsky Park. Trigorsky Park is soaked in the sun. For some reason this impression remains from him even on cloudy days. The light lies in golden glades on the cheerful grass, green linden trees, cliffs above Soroty and on the bench of Eugene Onegin. These sunspots make the depths of the park, immersed in summer smoke, seem mysterious and unreal. This park seems to be created for family holidays, friendly conversations, dancing by candlelight under black tents of leaves, girlish laughter and playful confessions. K. Paustovsky K. Paustovsky
Under an ancient oak tree leaning towards the cliff - “Onegin’s Bench”. From here you have a wonderful view of the meadows and the bizarre bends of the Soroti River. In the painting by A. Laktionov, Pushkin is depicted during his penultimate visit to Mikhailovskoye (in September 1835), when the poet, exhausted by government persecution, censorship attacks, and experiencing severe material need, sought to escape from St. Petersburg, which was strangling him, to his native village, to the common people, to that corner of the earth where he spent “two unnoticed years.” The artist captured Pushkin at the moment when he, inspired by the beauty of his native places, puts his thoughts and experiences into the poetic stanzas of the elegy “Once again I visited that corner of the earth...” In the painting by A. Laktionov, Pushkin is depicted during his penultimate visit to Mikhailovskoye (in September 1835 years), when the poet, exhausted by government persecution, censorship attacks, and experiencing dire material need, sought to escape from St. Petersburg, which was strangling him, to his native village, to the common people, to that corner of the earth where he spent “two unnoticed years.” The artist captured Pushkin at the moment when he, inspired by the beauty of his native places, puts his thoughts and experiences into poetic stanzas of the elegy “Once again I visited that corner of the earth...” “Onegin’s Bench” by A. Larionov “Again I visited...”
Petrovskoye is the family estate of the Hannibals, the ancestors of A.S. Pushkin. The house is a large building with 11 rooms. He is solemn and beautiful. A weather vane with an image of an elephant, the family symbol of the Hannibals, flew high above the roof of the house. A weather vane with an image of an elephant, the family symbol of the Hannibals, flew high above the roof of the house.
In July 1824, Pushkin arrived in Mikhailovskoye as an exiled poet. The Hannibal house in which Pushkin had to live has not survived, but now it has been restored exactly as it was at the beginning of the 19th century. A. Hannibal's office A. Hannibal's library A. Hannibal's estate
Pushkin is extremely interested in the history of his ancestors. The Petrovskoye estate belonged to the poet’s great-uncle Pyotr Abramovich Hannibal, the son of “the Blackamoor Peter the Great.” The stories of my grandfather and the documents received from him served as material for the novel “Arap of Peter the Great.” Pushkin transferred the features of life and morals of the inhabitants of Petrovsky to the pages of the story “Dubrovsky”. A.S. Pushkin. Portrait of Kiprensky
Next to the estate there is a huge pond with winding banks. In shape it resembles the fabulous “miracle fish-whale”. There is a rather large, clear oval-shaped island. A narrow pedestrian bridge leads to it from the shore on the side of the estate. Black Hannibal Pond
In Petrovsky Park there was the house of Pushkin’s grandfather - the obstinate and gloomy Hannibal. It is black, damp, overgrown with burdocks, you enter it as if you were entering a cellar. Horses graze in burdocks. Nettles choke the flowers, and in the evenings the park groans with the hubbub of frogs. Husky jackdaws nest in the tops of dark trees. K. Paustovsky. Mikhailovsky Groves.
During Pushkin’s time, the famous Svyatogorsk fairs were held near the monastery walls, which the poet loved to visit. At the ancient gates of the monastery, usually dressed in peasant attire, he listened to the singing of blind beggars, the talk of the people, and collected material for his “Boris Godunov.” Holy Gate of the Monastery
In the cathedral there is a museum where paintings, documents and other materials are exhibited, telling about the spiritual supervision of Pushkin, exiled to the Pskov village for freedom-loving poetry and atheistic beliefs, about the tragic death and burial of the poet in February 1837. Individual stands of the monastery tell about the defeat of the monastery by the Nazis and the restoration of the monument in the post-war period. Assumption Cathedral
The tops of old tall trees served as towers for the Nazis. The elm tree in front of Pushkin’s house was encrypted with the word “Pushkin”. The elm tree in front of Pushkin’s house was encrypted with the word “Pushkin”. The old Hannibal spruce on the outskirts is the word "Abram" The old Hannibal spruce on the outskirts is the word "Abram" The three-hundred-year-old tall curly pine on the outskirts became "Nanny" The three-hundred-year-old tall curly pine on the outskirts became "Nanny" Pushkin maple near the house the nanny had the nickname “Onegin” The Pushkin maple tree near the nanny’s house had the nickname “Onegin” The pine tree on the outskirts of Mikhailovsky was used by the Nazis as an observation post The maple tree near the nanny’s house The old elm in front of the house
For the wounded Motherland and the desecrated Pushkin! The Nazis did whatever they wanted in Mikhailovskoye. They tried in every possible way to demonstrate to the Russians that they didn’t care about anything. They even had fun. Then suddenly the SS men forced a brass band to play in the park. Bravura marches, waltzes and even “Black Eyes” sounded, then suddenly whole bouquets of multi-colored rockets took off into the sky. Finally, giant bonfires also caught fire - they set fire to the poet’s house and various estate buildings. What did the fascist warriors come up with! The Nazis did whatever they wanted in Mikhailovskoye. They tried in every possible way to demonstrate to the Russians that they didn’t care about anything. They even had fun. Then suddenly the SS men forced a brass band to play in the park. Bravura marches, waltzes and even “Black Eyes” sounded, then suddenly whole bouquets of multi-colored rockets took off into the sky. Finally, giant bonfires also caught fire - they set fire to the poet’s house and various estate buildings. What did the fascist warriors come up with! But the “Jericho trumpets” - traveling radio stations with super-powerful amplifiers - approached the village of Zimari, and menacing broadcasts began to the Panthers: “You are still kaput. Surrender... Leave Pushkin land immediately... You will soon be surrounded. It's kaput! Remember: the birthday of the great Russian poet Pushkin is coming soon. He is the boss here. He is with us. His spirit is with us. For every sin caused to Pushkin’s land, a heavy retribution awaits you!” But the “Jericho trumpets” - traveling radio stations with super-powerful amplifiers - approached the village of Zimari, and menacing broadcasts began to the Panthers: “You are still kaput. Surrender... Leave Pushkin land immediately... You will soon be surrounded. It's kaput! Remember: the birthday of the great Russian poet Pushkin is coming soon. He is the boss here. He is with us. His spirit is with us. For every sin caused to Pushkin’s land, a heavy retribution awaits you!” The SS men went crazy. Their snipers were looking for the radio vehicle. But she stood behind the hill, and our shooters were looking for fascist snipers. And they found them. The SS men went crazy. Their snipers were looking for the radio vehicle. But she stood behind the hill, and our shooters were looking for fascist snipers. And they found them.
After the war, there were many years of restoration of the A.S. Museum-Reserve. Pushkin The grave of A.S. Pushkin is here. Let's avenge our Pushkin! Sappers combed the reserve with probes and mine detectors. In literally every meter of the ground they found mines and land mines laid by the Germans. The poet's grave was also mined. Sappers combed the reserve with probes and mine detectors. In literally every meter of the ground they found mines and land mines laid by the Germans. The poet's grave was also mined. Soldiers clearing mines from Pushkin's grave, 1944.
Walking through Mikhailovsky Park today, you look for traces of the war. You won't notice them right away. Most of the wounds inflicted on the earth by war have long since healed. There is still an elm tree in front of the poet’s house. He's a veteran. The old tree rustles proudly and majestically, with its crown telling about the past, monstrous, unique...
Pushkin places... Everything here seems special, and all thoughts and sensations merge into one comprehensive word “PUSHKIN”. Reading poetry at the poet's grave Pushkin's holiday Since 1967, poetry holidays have been held annually in Pushkin's homeland. Pushkin Hills is rightfully considered the country of poetry, and Mikhailovskoye is its capital.
Geichenko S.S. Testament to the grandson: Novels about Mikhailovsky. – M.: Det.lit., 1986. – 287 pp., photo. Geichenko S.S. Testament to the grandson: Novels about Mikhailovsky. – M.: Det.lit., 1986. – 287 pp., photo. Geichenko S.S. At Lukomorye. – L., 1977 Geichenko S.S. At Lukomorye. – L., 1977 Geichenko S. S. Pushkingorye. – M., 1981 Geichenko S. S. Pushkingorye. – M., 1981 Transparencies. In the country where Sorot is blue. – M.: “Planet”, 1977. Transparencies. In the country where Sorot is blue. – M.: “Planet”, 1977. Zolotareva I.V., Belomestnykh O.B., Korneeva M.S. Lesson developments in literature. 9th grade. - M.: “VAKO”, 2003. – With Zolotareva I.V., Belomestnykh O.B., Korneeva M.S. Lesson developments in literature. 9th grade. - M.: “VAKO”, 2003. - WITH
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Vyra Vyra is a village in which there was a postal station on the Petersburg - Pskov highway. Pushkin passed Vyra many times; the road through it led to Mikhailovskoye. The road to the southern and western provinces of Russia passed through Vyra. Pushkin passed through Vyra in the spring of 1820 to the place of his exile to the south. In February 1837, a sleigh that was carrying Pushkin’s body to the Svyatogorsk Monastery passed this post station. Here in 1972, in the house of the former postal station, the museum “The Station Warden's House” was opened, dedicated to the road life of the early 19th century.
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Tiflis Tiflis was the name of the capital of Georgia, Tbilisi, in Pushkin's times. The poet visited it during his trip to the site of the Russian army's military operations against the Turks in 1829. In “Travel to Arzrum” he wrote: “The city seemed crowded to me. The Asian buildings and the bazaar reminded me of Chisinau.” The poet spent about two weeks in the city.
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Pushkin (Tsarskoe Selo) Among the memorable Pushkin places, the Lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo has a special attractive force. In the fall of 1811, a new educational institution was opened in Tsarskoye Selo (now the city of Pushkin) - the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. In the palace wing, adapted for educational institution, A.S. Pushkin lived and studied from October 19, 1811 to June 9, 1817. The first Pushkin graduation from the Lyceum took place on June 9, 1817. Many of Pushkin’s poems are dedicated to the Lyceum and Tsarskoe Selo. He constantly kept in touch with his lyceum friends - Delvig, Pushchin, Kuchelbecker, Danzas. In the Lyceum Garden there is one of the best monuments to Pushkin, made in bronze according to the design of the sculptor Bach in 1900. In Tsarskoye Selo there is also a museum-dacha of A.S. Pushkin in the house of Kitaeva. The poet and his wife lived here from May to October 1831. During this time, the poet created here “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, Onegin’s letter to Tatyana from “Eugene Onegin”, the poem “Echo”, “Borodin Anniversary”, “Slanderers of Russia” and etc.
Boldino Boldino land was given to one of the poet’s ancestors, Fyodor Fedorovich Pushkin, in 1619. Since then, Boldino has been passed down from generation to generation by inheritance: in 1740, the estate was inherited by the poet’s grandfather Lev Alexandrovich Pushkin. After his death, the poet’s father, Sergei Lvovich, became the heir. The poet came here, to the estate of his ancestors, three times. But it was here that Pushkin created the most significant works of the 1830s. He came here before his marriage to Natalya Goncharova and spent the autumn of 1830 in these places, marked by an unprecedented rise in creative inspiration. One after another, works of different genres appear, in poetry and prose. In the autumn of Boldin, “The Stories of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin” appeared. This autumn they were written last chapters“Eugene Onegin”, “The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda”, the humorous poem “The House in Kolomna”, about thirty poems.
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Boldino In Boldino, Pushkin also worked on “The History of the Village of Goryukhin”. In the fall of 1833, Pushkin visited Boldino for the second time, completing a trip to places associated with the events of Pugachev’s uprising. Having reached the place on October 1, he began to revise the manuscript of “The History of Pugachev.” This work was completed in early November. At the same time, they created the poem “The Bronze Horseman”. At the same time, in Boldin, he wrote the poem “Angelo”, the story “The Queen of Spades”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”. At the same time, the poem “Autumn” was created in Boldino. Pushkin’s last short visit to Boldino was in mid-September 1834. This visit was associated with the affairs of his father’s estate, the management of which the poet took upon himself. This time only "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel" was written here.
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Kars In 1829, Pushkin traveled to Transcaucasia and was in the Russian army, which was fighting against the Turkish. The Russians were successful in the war. Kars was taken a year before Pushkin's arrival - June 23, 1828. After the Russian army defeated the Turkish cavalry, the Russians besieged the Kars fortress, which was considered impregnable at that time. On the way to Kars, Pushkin changed horses in the village of Jamumly, near which at the beginning of the 19th century. there were the ruins of a fortress built from stones taken from the ancient capital of Armenia, Ani. On the way, Pushkin learned from one of the officers that the Russian army had already left Kars, which upset him very much. Apparently, I.F. Paskevich allowed the poet only to visit Kars, and Pushkin was threatened with returning to Tiflis. Therefore, the poet refused to spend the night in order to get to the city as soon as possible. He drove there in the pouring rain, stayed with an Armenian family and learned from the owners that the Russian military camp was now located 25 versts from Kars. The next day, Pushkin went to inspect the city, the fortress and the citadel, built on an impregnable rock. After this trip, Pushkin wrote travel essays “Journey to Arzrum during the campaign of 1829.”
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Odessa In 1823, at the request of A.I. Turgenev’s friend A.S. Pushkin was transferred to Odessa and on July 22 was presented to Governor M.S. Vorontsov. His move to Odessa A.S. Pushkin perceived it as a return to Europe. The poet had to live in Odessa for a whole year, full of a variety of impressions and experiences. In many ways, the life of A.S. Pushkin in Odessa depended on his new boss, General M.S. Vorontsov, who did not want to single out the poet from the mass of chancellery officials subordinate to him, and over time began to completely condemn the poet’s “idle” lifestyle and even gave him instructions like “to go fight the locusts.” Such an attitude could not be indifferent to A.S. Pushkin: on the actions of M.S. He responded to Vorontsov with a caustic epigram “Half my lord, half merchant...”. The poet's serious passion for his wife M.S. Vorontsov, the beauty Ekaterina Ksaveryevna, the governor’s patience was overflowing. A.S. Pushkin was forced to resign, his petition was immediately sent to St. Petersburg, and after some time a decision came to exclude the poet “from the list of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for bad behavior” and deport him to the Pskov province, to the village of Mikhailovskoye. A.S. Pushkin was escorted from Odessa by V.F. Vyazemskaya, who came here for the summer with her children.
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Gurzuf Gurzuf is located on the coast of Southern Crimea. Pushkin lived there in August-September 1820. Then Gurzuf (Pushkin called it Yurzuf) was a small Tatar village. Pushkin together with the family of General N.N. Raevsky stopped at the dacha of Richelieu, the governor-general of this region, and lived there for three weeks. “I lived in Yurzuf as a sitter,” Pushkin wrote to his lyceum friend Anton Delvig, “I swam in the sea and ate myself on grapes; I was so accustomed to midday nature and enjoyed it with all the indifference and carelessness of the Neapolitan Lazzaroni (poor man).” Pushkin traveled a lot. Visited Yalta, St. George's Monastery, Bakhchisarai. At the beginning of September, Pushkin leaves for Simferopol and from there to Odessa.
Class: 9
Presentation for the lesson
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Objective of the lesson: preparing schoolchildren to study the creative biography of the poet.
“We lived on this land, don’t give it into our hands
devastators, vulgarities and ignoramuses. We -
descendants of Pushkin, we will be held accountable for this..."
(K. Paustovsky)
Progress of the lesson.
1. Organizational moment.
2. The teacher's word.
Mikhailovskoye... Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was associated with his mother’s estate in the village of Mikhailovsky in the Pskov province throughout his entire mature life - from 1817 to 1836. ( Appendix 1. Slide 1-5)
3. Student's story.
Trigorskoe (Slide 6)
The novel “Eugene Onegin” “was almost entirely written in my eyes,” recalled the poet’s Trigorsk friend Alexey Vulf. “So I, a student of Dorpatsky, appeared in the form of a Göttingen man called Lensky. My sisters are examples of his village young ladies, and almost Tatyana one of them."
Communication with Trigorsk friends, observations of the life of other surrounding landowners gave the poet “colors and materials for inventions that are so natural, true and consistent with prose and poetry rural life Russia" (A.I. Turgenev).
Impressions of Russian nature, the charm of the ancient Pskov land with its “noble mounds” and ancient settlements, communication with peasants, with a serf peasant nanny - “everything excited Pushkin’s tender mind”, contributed to the comprehension of the soul of the Russian people.
In 1827, Pushkin again came there from St. Petersburg to take a break from his distracted life and to write in freedom. Alexey Vulf from Trigorsky visited him: “I walked up the rickety porch into the dilapidated hut of the leading Russian poet. In a Moldavian red cap and robe, I saw him at his desk. ... He showed me the first two chapters of the novel in prose, which he had just written, where the main person is his great-grandfather Hannibal." We are talking here about the first prose work of the poet Pushkin - the novel "Arap of Peter the Great."
It was in Mikhailovsky that Pushkin’s historical interests deepened and took shape. From the artistic depiction of Russian society during the reign of Peter I in the novel “The Blackamoor of Peter the Great,” Pushkin at the end of his life turned to the era of Peter the Great as a historiographer: death interrupted his work on “The History of Peter the Great.” In this work, Pushkin also mentions his great-grandfather Abram Petrovich Hannibal.
4. Student's story.
Petrovskoe (Slide 7-8)
Family estate of A.P. Hannibal village Petrovskoye is located near the village. Mikhailovsky, on the opposite side of the lake. Pushkin visited his relatives and heard “stories about ancient times” from Hannibal’s old servants.
For the first time in his life, a permanent stay on his father’s land, near Hannibal’s family nest, gave Pushkin the opportunity to clearly feel the shadows of the past and inspired him to write in poetry and prose.
The poet became so close to these places that, being already married, he tried to acquire a piece of land in Savkino, near Mikhailovsky and Trigorsky. But it was unsuccessful.
The spiritual rebirth experienced by Pushkin at Mikhailovsky, which enriched him as a person and as an artist-creator, gave impetus to all his creativity in the future. It is no coincidence that Mikhailovskoe was and is called the poetic homeland of Pushkin.
The last time the poet came here was in April 1836 for several days due to sad circumstances: he was burying his mother Nadezhda Osipovna Pushkina, who had died in St. Petersburg, in the Svyatogorsk Monastery.
A few months later, on February 6, 1837, friends buried the body of Pushkin, who died in a duel, next to his mother.
The death and funeral of Pushkin became the beginning of the greatest posthumous glory of the Russian genius.
I live and write not for praise
But I think I would like
To glorify my sad lot,
So about me, how true friend,
I remembered at least a single sound...
Everything in Mikhailovsky now reminds us of Pushkin: nature, glorified by his poems, and the poems themselves, heard in excursions.
Places that are familiar with Pushkin's inspiration have been the Mikhailovskoye Nature Reserve since 1922, are covered with folk love and arouse interest not only among Russian poetry lovers, but throughout the world.
5. The teacher's word.
Pushkin in Boldino (Slide 9-12)
And poetry awakens in me:
The soul is embarrassed by lyrical excitement,
It trembles and sounds and searches, like in a dream
To finally pour out with free manifestation.
And then an invisible swarm of guests comes towards me,
Old acquaintances, fruits of my dreams.
And the thoughts in my head are agitated in courage,
And light rhymes run towards them,
And fingers ask for pen, pen for paper.
A minute - and the poems will flow freely.
(A.S. Pushkin. "Autumn")
Among the many memorable places in Russia associated with the life and work of A.S. Pushkin, Boldino is especially noteworthy. The poet visited this family estate of the Pushkins in the Nizhny Novgorod province three times: in 1830, 1833 and 1834 (Appendix 3). In total, Pushkin spent no more than five months in Boldino. But it was here that he created his most significant works. This amazing, fruitful work of the poet borders on a miracle, and this period in Pushkin’s work was defined as the “Boldino autumn.”
Pushkin first arrived in Boldino in September 1830 and expected to stay there for no more than a month, but was detained by cholera quarantine and lived almost the entire autumn. During these three months, the poet wrote more than 40 works. Among them: "Belkin's Stories", "Little Tragedies", the last chapters of the novel "Eugene Onegin", fairy tales, poems, many critical articles and sketches.
The poet spent the autumn of 1833, after a trip to the Urals, in Boldino again. He wrote to his wife: “I’m sleeping and I see coming to Boldino and locking myself there..” And in another letter to Natalya Nikolaevna, Pushkin described his working day: “I wake up at 7 o’clock, drink coffee and lie in bed until 3 o’clock.” (The poet had the habit of working in bed - G.T.) At 3 o’clock I sit up, at 5 in the bath and then I have lunch with potatoes and sinner porridge until 9 o’clock - I read.” During the autumn of 1833, Alexander Sergeevich wrote “The Bronze Horseman”, “Angelo”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Queen of Spades”, several poems, and finished “The History of Pugachev”.
The names of the Pushkins, the owners of Boldin in the 17th century, the most ancient period of its history, are mostly known. But their life “in the flesh” and “deeds” remains little studied. Only isolated facts from the biographies of the Pushkins of this time were included in the literature.
Boldino and the lands adjacent to it for four centuries belonged to the Pushkin family - one of the oldest noble families in Russia.
From the beginning of the 18th century, the Boldino family estate was owned by the poet’s direct ancestors: great-great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather, and in the beginning of the 19th century, the poet’s father, Sergei Lvovich Pushkin.
Agriculture, livestock raising and unique pottery for the production of black polished dishes were the main occupation of the local population.
The manor house in Boldin is the only surviving original house that belonged to the Pushkin family. Its special memorial value also lies in the fact that it was in this house that the “Miracle of the Boldino Autumn of 1830” took place.
Next to the estate is the stone Church of the Assumption, erected by the poet’s grandfather Lev Alexandrovich at the end of the 18th century and consecrated in the year of A.S. Pushkin’s birth under his grandmother and godmother Olga Vasilievna. This is the only temple in Russia associated with the history of the Pushkin family. Unfortunately, during the years of Soviet power, the Church of the Assumption was destroyed. However, the main part of the temple building has been preserved. Currently, the Church of the Assumption is being restored.
Boldino took an exceptional place in the world of spiritual and moral values of A.S. Pushkin both as a “life-giving shrine” of his family history and as a place of his inspired creative works.
A.S. Pushkin came to Boldino three times in 1830, 1833 and 1834. The bulk of Pushkin’s works of the thirties were created here: “Belkin’s Tales”, “The Queen of Spades”, “Little Tragedies”, the last chapters of “Eugene Onegin”, the poem “The Bronze Horseman” ", "House in Kolomna", "Angelo", fairy tales, "The History of Pugachev", many poems - more than sixty works in total. The famous Boldino autumn of 1830 was marked by particular fruitfulness - the period of the highest creative rise in the poet’s life.
On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin, in 1949, the Pushkin Museum-Reserve was created in the village of Bolshoye Boldino.
6. Student's story.
Pushkin places in Moscow (Slide 13)
Moscow is the city where Pushkin was born and spent his childhood, where he forever became friends with books and began to write his first poems. The Pushkin house on the former Nemetskaya, now Baumanskaya Street, has not survived. A school building is now located on this site.
The first Moscow period of the poet’s life is associated with him - from 1799 to 1811.
Alexander Sergeevich came to Moscow for the second time in 1826 after returning from Mikhailovsky exile and visited here quite often until 1831. During this second Moscow period, sometimes living in Moscow for a long time, Pushkin moved in the literary environment. It happens with poets P.A. Vyazemsky, D.V. Venevitinova, E.A. Baratynsky. Visits salons Z.A. Volkonskaya and A.P. Elagina.
The third Moscow period - from 1831 to 1836. During these years, Pushkin visited Moscow eight times. On February 18 (old style), 1831, in the Church of the Ascension of Christ, Pushkin married Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. Their first apartment was a house on Arbat, where the young people lived for about three months. Now this house houses the Pushkin Museum. And in 1880, a monument by sculptor A.M. was erected nearby. Opekushina.
In his “Message to Yudin,” sixteen-year-old Pushkin writes:
I see my village
My Zakharovo; it
With fences in the wavy river,
With a bridge and a shady grove
The mirror of water is reflected.
My house is on the hill...
Zakharovo (Slide 14)
Zakharovo is located near Moscow. In 1804, this estate was bought by the poet’s grandmother, M.A. Hannibal. There from 1805 to 1810 The whole Pushkin family spent every summer. The impressions received by Pushkin as a child in Zakharovo lasted throughout his life. Here the future poet first learned about poetic Russian nature, about simple Russian peasants. As an adult, Pushkin came to Zakharovo only once - in 1830. About this visit, the poet’s mother, Nadezhda Osipovna, wrote to her daughter Olga: “Imagine, he made a sentimental trip to Zakharovo this summer, all alone, solely to see the places where he spent several years of his childhood.”
Two versts from Zakharovo is the village of Bolshie Vyazemy. (Now Golitsyno Belorusskaya station railway.) At that time it belonged to Prince Golitsyn, with whom the parents of the future poet were friends. Zakharovo did not have its own church, and the Pushkins went to Bolshie Vyazemy every Sunday for mass. This church, according to legend, was built by Boris Godunov at the end of the 16th century. In the summer of 1807, Pushkin’s younger brother Nikolai was buried in the church fence.
7. Student's story.
Pushkin places in St. Petersburg (Slide 15-16)
Pushkin made his first long journey at the age of one, when his parents in 1800-1801. spent several months in the capital. And the real acquaintance with the city took place in 1811. Then the poet’s uncle Vasily Lvovich Pushkin brought Alexander to St. Petersburg to enter the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. After graduating from the Lyceum in 1817, A.S. Pushkin settled with his parents, who were then based in St. Petersburg, and lived there for three years.
V.A. Ertel left a description of the poet’s room in his parents’ house: “We went up the stairs, the servant opened the doors, and we entered the room. At the door there was a bed on which lay a young man in a striped Bukhara robe, with a skull cap on his head. Near the bed, on the table , there were papers and books. The room combined the signs of the home of a young socialite with the poetic disorder of a scientist."
During this period, Alexander Pushkin participated in the literary society "Green Lamp" and worked on the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila." At the same time, his lyrical works appeared: the ode “Liberty”, the poems “Village”, “To Chaadaev”, “N.Ya. Pluskova”, merciless political epigrams on Alexander I, Arakcheev and others. In May 1820, Alexander Sergeevich was exiled to the south.
From 1827 to 1830 Pushkin is more a guest than a permanent resident of St. Petersburg. When visiting the capital, the poet visits the literary salons of A.N. Olenina, E.A. Karamzina, A.O. Rosset visits Zhukovsky and meets with Griboyedov. He reads his new works in many collections. During this period, Pushkin was at the height of his fame.
In the spring of 1831, after his marriage to Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova, Pushkin came to St. Petersburg from Moscow with the intention of settling for a long time and, indeed, lived there until the day of his death. On January 27, 1837, a fatal duel with Dantes took place. Two days later, Pushkin died. The poet's funeral took place on February 1 in the Konyushenskaya Church. And on the 3rd, the coffin with Pushkin’s body was sent to the Svyatogorsk Monastery. He was accompanied by his friend, the poet A.I. Turgenev, uncle Nikita Kozlov and the gendarme.
Now in St. Petersburg everything connected with the name of Pushkin is carefully preserved: the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House), the poet’s last apartment on the Moika embankment, 12 (All-Russian Pushkin Museum) and many other places.
8. Student's story.
Nizhny Novgorod Pushkin's times ( Appendix 5 Slide 17-18)
9. Student's story.
Pushkin in Kazan (Slide 19-20)
A.S. Pushkin’s visit to Kazan in September 1833 was connected with his work on a historical novel about the events of the peasant war of 1773-1774. under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev "The History of Pugachev".
“For the last two years I have been engaged in nothing but historical research, and have not written a single line of literature. I need to spend two months in complete solitude in order to take a break from important studies and finish a book that I started a long time ago... If you want to know what kind of book I want to finish writing it in the village: this is a novel, most of the action of which takes place in Orenburg and Kazan, and that’s why I would like to visit both of these provinces" - A.S. Pushkin to Count A.H. Benckendorff, end of July 1833.
August 12 A.S. Pushkin received the vacation certificate he requested and went on a trip. He had to travel about 3,000 versts on post horses for a month and a half - from St. Petersburg to Uralsk (via Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Simbirsk, Orenburg) and from Uralsk to Boldin (via Syzran, Simbirsk, Ardatov and Abramovo).
Pushkin went to the outskirts of Kazan, to Sukonnaya Sloboda, with the intention of meeting with old eyewitnesses. In the so-called Gorlov tavern, mentioned by him in the book about Pugachev, he talked with the old clothier - V.P. Babin. Babin spoke about the events of July 1774 - the storming of Kazan and the defeat of the Pugachevites by Michelson's government troops - from the words of his parents, who witnessed the events mentioned. Babin's story turned out to be very interesting and important for Pushkin. Throughout the afternoon, the poet processed the notes of his conversation and made sketches of the future seventh chapter. According to the calculations of researcher N.F. Kalinin, Pushkin introduced about 40% of the text from the story of the Kazan clothier in a revised form into the seventh chapter of “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion.”
From K.F. Fuchs, Pushkin learned, in particular, about the former location of Pugachev’s camp in Kazan and in order to see with his own eyes the scenes of events, he went alone along the Siberian Highway to the village of Troitskaya Noksa (9-10 versts from the center of Kazan), where before the capture of Kazan there was Pugachev's rate.
Over tea, Karl Fedorovich, at the request of the poet, told him everything he knew (he heard from the guards or read) about the capture of Kazan by the Pugachevites.
At about 6:30 am on September 8, the poet left Kazan for Simbirsk. He was accompanied by E.A. Baratynsky, who had arrived early in the morning from Kaimar. When parting, Alexander Sergeevich gave him his portrait by the artist J. Vivien in a small frame made by the poet himself. This portrait is little known and is now kept in the A.S. Pushkin Museum in Moscow.
Pushkin’s fresh Kazan impressions were reflected in his letter to his wife, dated September 8, 1833: “...Here I was busy with the old people, contemporaries of my hero, traveled around the city, examined the battlefields, deciphered, wrote down and was very pleased that I didn’t I visited this side in vain..." (Pushkin A.S. Complete collected works: In 10 volumes - L., 1979. - Vol. 10. - P. 346).
