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Hardcover designation. Integral binding. Types of book bindings. Covers for binding. End title page

Design and functionality

The binding consists of a binding cover and additional functional elements glued to it, such as endpapers, gauze flaps, captal (cotton or silk braid with a thickened edge, attached to the spine of the book block for the purpose of most firmly fastening the sheets of the book, as well as its decoration).

The binding and elements of the external design of the publication perform an advertising and information function. There are two structural types of binding - solid and composite. Binding can be soft (flexible) or hard, edged or with edging, integral.

Types of bindings

Bindings are divided into the following types
No. 1 - all-cardboard edged;
No. 2 - all-cardboard with edging;
No. 3 - all-fabric soft edged;
No. 4 - hard all-paper with edging;
No. 5 - composite with a fabric spine and sides covered with cover paper;
No. 6 - all-fabric soft with edging;
No. 7 - all-fabric hard with edging;
No. 8 - composite with edging, with sides covered with one type of fabric, and with a spine made of another type of fabric;
No. 9zh - rigid plastic made of two layers of elastic plastic, between which cardboard sides are laid;
No. 9 m - soft plastic made of one layer of elastic plastic;
No. 9pzh - semi-rigid plastic made of a layer of elastic plastic, on the inside of which sides made of hard plastic are welded.

Application of bindings

The use of binding of one type or another is determined, among other things, by the design of the book block. The following types of its configuration have been established:

“inlay” - with the block completed with an inlay, a glued endpaper and edging of the block (together with the endpaper) with a strip of fabric or gauze, with wire sewing into the connector (bindings No. 1-3 are used);
“lifting” - with the block completed by lifting, glued endpaper, sewing with thread or wire (bindings No. 1-7 are used for books up to 160 pp.);
“lifting with captal” - differs from the subtype “lifting” by the use of rounding and laminating (folding the spine of notebooks) of the spine, captal and pasting the spine of the block with paper (bindings No. 2-8 are used for volumes up to 160 pages);
“lift with edged endpaper” - distinguished by the edge of the first and last notebooks with glued endpaper (bindings No. 5-8 are used for volumes up to 320 pp.);
“lifting with a stitched endpaper with a fold” (bindings No. 7-8 are used for volumes of 480 pages or more).

Binding with double wire loop. "Ware-O"

The basis of the binding is a wire thread, forming a series of double loops. At the moment of binding, the machine opens the loops for inserting sheets of the book block, with square and round holes pre-punched in them. The binding is especially popular among designers, despite the disadvantage - it is intended for publications no thicker than an inch. Depending on the thickness of the wire, the pitch of the holes punched on a standard A4 sheet changes.

Free binding with detachable staples.

The simplest binding. In the sheets that need to be fastened together, holes are perforated, oriented for detachable staples in the form of rings or clamps. The ring clip unit is integrated into a removable cover or binder, making it easy to add or remove sheets. It is important to remember that when filling out the sheet, you must leave margins where the holes for the ring clamps will be punched.

This type of binding is familiar to many from demobilization albums. The essence of binding is simple: holes of the required number are perforated in the block, through which screws are then passed, fixed by mating parts at the exit from the block. The rigidity of the binding is given by dense sides at the top and bottom, on which a mark is applied along the border of the binding field. Another option is rigid strips along the width of the field at the beginning and end of the block.

The owner of the registered trademark VeloBind is its sole manufacturer. To fasten the sheets, special plastic strips with pins are used, reminiscent of a comb with wide teeth. The disadvantage of this type of connection is the high cost of the equipment used for binding. It is possible to add or remove a page only after cutting off the teeth, so the binding is considered disposable.

Convenient and fast binding, carried out by a metal “channel” that tightly clamps the document together with the cover. Pre-perforation of sheets is not required. It is almost impossible to take a leaf out of such a brochure. The binding can be opened if necessary, while the sheets of the block remain in perfect condition. The safety factor is designed for 3-4 bindings and unclamping.

For this type of binding, preliminary preparation of sheets is necessary, which, when folded together, form pages. After folding, the sheets are folded in accordance with the page numbering order and then stapled together. Bonding is carried out on a special wire sewing machine, the presence of which implies a certain scale of a printing salon or mini-printing house. One of the firmware options is fastening with staples along the fold line. This method is called saddle stitch and is used mainly for book blocks of no more than 128 pages. For thicker books, stitching is used. The staples stitch the block not along the spine line, but along the edge of the foot, passing through the entire block.

It is a type of saddle stitch. The difference is the use of a special stitching head. In the process of stitching the block, a loop is formed on the outside of the spine. This loop holds the book in a removable cover (a standard three-ring binder). No additional drilling of holes in the book block is required.

It is very similar to the saddle stitching method, only the stitching of the book is done with strong thread using special equipment. Often used for the production of technical literature, which is subject to increased wear. Thread binding is more reliable compared to seamless glue and wire binding.

It is considered the most durable, and as a result is the most expensive type of binding. Suitable for all books of any thickness and comes with a hard binding cover. The binding process is automated and consists of the following operations: 1. Sheets are assembled in a certain sequence according to page numbers; 2. The notebooks of the book block are stitched together; 3. Endpapers are glued to the outer sides of the block. 4. Trimming the block on three sides; 5. Glue and binding gauze are applied to the spine; 6. Binding covers are covered with paper, fabric, leather, or covered with plastic; 7. On a book insertion machine, the bookends are glued to the cover; 8. Drying under a press prevents the appearance of deformations in the future.

This type of binding is used when. An integral element of this type of binding are spreads (photos of two adjacent pages printed on one sheet). Punched and folded along the spine line, the spreads are glued to the base (plastic or cardboard) in a certain sequence. The use of new modern materials made it possible to insert the resulting block with photo-quality images into binding covers of different designs and decorative designs.

I would like to talk about two enough simple ways to bind magazines and books, as well as individual sheets from various magazines with the articles you need, for example, about cooking. Over time, such magazines bound in the form of books will form an excellent library. During the years of stagnation, when good books were in short supply, I collected “fiction”, published in the magazines “Technology for Youth” and “Ural Pathfinder”, in which the stories and stories that interested me were published with continuations. I have never seen the binding methods that I want to suggest here anywhere in the literature. Of course, I didn’t come up with them myself, but I picked them up from a specialist from the city of Priuralsk.

How to bind a book at home

Typically, when binding, individual sheets are stacked in a stack, in which holes are punched, drilled or pierced, moving away from the edge of the spine, and then the sheets are sewn together using these holes. However, as a result of this technology, some of the text turns out to be difficult to read, especially on those sheets on which the text is located very close to the edge of the sheet on the spine side of the future book.

A book formed from sheets using the technology proposed below is, to some extent, free from this drawback. At the initial stage of bookbinding work, the same operations are carried out in both cases: they fold the sheets into a stack, trim them along the lower and leading edges, the upper edge can be trimmed later. After all, as you know, sheets even from the same magazine, but from different issues, usually do not match in format. The stack is then compressed using a press, vice or clamp. The simplest version of the clamp is two flat boards (two metal corners), tightened on both sides with bolts (Fig. 1). Clamp the stack (from the spine side) in a vice so that the narrowest sheet protrudes from the vice by about 5 mm (see Fig. 1). Then the spine is cleaned with a large file, removing the strongly protruding edges of the sheets, and then transverse grooves are cut into the spine with a hacksaw or jigsaw (the number of grooves is at your discretion) to a depth of 1.5...2 mm. This is the main feature of the proposed binding technology. After all, if the sheets are punched or drilled at such a distance from the edge, then the threads threaded into the holes will inevitably break through the edges of the sheets. So you can place the holes from the edge of the block at a distance of at least 1...1.5 cm, which will certainly lead to “capture” of the text.

Having made the cuts, the block (package) is installed with the spine facing up. Next, coat the spine with PVA glue (or bustylate), diluted thinner, so that it penetrates into the spaces between the sheets, as well as into the cuts. Then, pieces of nylon or other strong thread are placed in the cuts so that the ends extend beyond the spine by about 2...3 cm (Fig. 2, a) or (as you like) the spine is pulled together with one long thread (Fig. 2, b ). Finally, the entire spine is coated with glue again. When the glue has dried, the ends of the threads are cut off and a light cover is made for the block, that is, a thick paper cover is simply glued to the spine and the endpapers are glued in. (The endpapers are the first, as well as the last double sheets of the block, connecting it to the cover. - Editor's note.) From such a book, the sheets will no longer pop out, as they do from cheap store-bought paperback books. The above-mentioned store books that have fallen apart are also strengthened in a similar way. But still, in both cases it is better to make a hard cover instead of a soft cover.

When making a hard cover, a piece of cloth or gauze is glued onto the spine of the block using polyvinyl acetate emulsion (Fig. 3), so that parts of a piece of cloth 2...3 cm wide extend beyond the side edges of the spine. Captals are glued to the upper and lower edges of the spine, that is, pieces of finishing braid with a roll on the edge (bright cloth shreds folded in half will also work). However, you don’t have to do it. Next, cut out two cover covers from cardboard. The width of each cover should be equal to the width of the glued block. There are many different options for making lids, but I want to offer what I think is the simplest. Having cut out the cardboard covers, I select a beautiful fabric, oilcloth, leaderin, etc. A blank for the book's clothing is cut out of the binding material, not forgetting to provide 2...3-centimeter margins on the side of the top, bottom and front edges. The distance between the covers is equal to the width of the spine plus 2x8 mm (Fig. 4, a). Between the covers on a piece of material, you can glue a gap - a strip of thick paper or whatman paper (the width of the strip is equal to the width of the block). The lids are thoroughly coated with PVA and glued to the piece of clothing, smoothing it well so that there are no bubbles. Then the edges of the workpiece are wrapped on the covers (Fig. 4, b), glued to them and the finished cover is dried under a press.

We prepare two endpapers, each of which is a white sheet of paper folded in half. We glue one half of the sheet to the lid (Fig. 6), and the other to the outer sheet of the block, and the endpaper is not completely glued to the sheet, leaving a 1 cm wide strip without glue adjacent to the fold of the endpaper.

That's it, it's finished, and the book is put under the press. Of course, I don’t know the professional terms, but it seems to me that I presented everything clearly.

I also want to suggest notebook method of binding magazines. It is somewhat different from the traditional one, when holes are formed along the spine edges of the magazines, for example, with a hole punch, and the magazines are tied with a cord. It is clear that in this case part of the text cannot always be read. My notebook method does not have this drawback, since the entire binding is made on the outside of the spine.

First, put all the magazines in a stack and mark the places of future punctures on the spines along a ruler (Fig. 7).

Then they take the last issue of the magazine and, using a large needle, follow the marks and stitch it through the middle, forming three or five stitches (Fig. 8, a). I note that with this firmware, the “native” metal clips of the magazines can even be removed. The next magazine, laid on top, is stitched in exactly the same way, but in the opposite direction. After each stitching, the thread is tightened, removing any backlash (slack). Having completed the stitching of the second magazine, the thread (with a needle) is tied to the end of the thread protruding from the lower magazine (Fig. 8, b). It is clear that the third magazine is stitched similarly to the first, and at the end of the seam its thread is tied to the seam thread of the second magazine, prying the first stitch of the seam of this magazine with a needle.

- This is a special durable book coating that protects the book's sheets and increases their durability. At the same time, it represents one of the design elements and characterizes the book. The following types of binding exist:

Hardcover

With this type of binding, the book block is placed in a binding cover. A book block is formed by folding printed sheets, which are usually collected in notebooks of 8 pieces. These notebooks are subsequently sewn together with thread and adjusted to the desired format by trimming. The finished book block is placed in a binding cover. The binding cover consists of sheets of cardboard, which are covered with pre-bound material (balacron, laminated paper). The combination of the book block and the binding cover is carried out using the endpaper. The most common typeshardcover - these are 7BC and 7B.

Binding 7BC (cellophaneized)

For this type of binding, laminated matte or glossy polymer film is used as a paper cover. Matte lamination is often more expensive than glossy lamination and depends on the choice of pressing, which in turn is determined by the design concept. The standard is to use a polymer film equal to 32 microns. To design 7BC binding, digital and offset printing methods are used.

Binding 7B

Unlike 7BC binding, instead of polymer film, paper vinyl, fabric, and leather are used as binding materials. And the cardboard of the binding cover is laminated with these materials. Images in 7B binding are embossed using a special stamp and gold or silver foil. For this purpose, special methods of embossing and embossing are used.

Softcover

This type of binding is used in the production of soft cover books. In this case, the pages in a book block can be formed into notebooks (as with hardcover) or compiled into a selection. In the first option, you get a book with thread sewing, i.e. stitched with threads, the internal block, and in the second - a seamless connection is made with the internal block on an adhesive basis (KBS). Making books insoftcover with thread fastening slightly increases the cost of the publication, but significantly increases its durability and convenience for the reader.

Adhesive seamless joint (CBS)

In this binding method, the book block is attached to the cover using gluing. For the most convenient and high-quality sizing, torsioning is used. In this case, transverse cuts are made on the spine of the block, which in turn are filled with glue during the book binding process.

Stapling

In this case, the internal block of the book is stitched with 2-3 staples, depending on the size. After such firmware, you get a brochure that looks like a school notebook. This method is called saddle stitching. There is another methodstaple binding - “stitch” fastening. When using this method, the appearance of the publication will resemble a book in KBS binding.

Spring fastening

Spring binding used in most cases for binding exhibition materials, office documentation, etc. In this case, the cover of the publication is connected to the internal block thanks to a metal or plastic spring. To do this, special holes are punched on the printed sheets along the future spine.

French binding

French binding is distinguished by a wide spine made of fabric or leather and rounded corners. French technology involves exclusively manual binding of books (sewing the block on laces), “hand made”, which hides labor-intensive and painstaking work. And therefore the cost of such binding is much more expensive than other types. UseFrench binding most often for gift and collector's editions.

Typographic binding

Typographic binding books is a classic book binding used by most printing houses in the process of printing books. Printed bound books make up the majority of all books in bookstores.

Office binder

Office binding - this was the previous name for the type of binding used by craftsmen of the 17th-18th centuries to make barn books. The peculiarity of this binding is that a book bound in this way opens 180 degrees, which is very convenient. Nowadays this type of binding is called composite hard binding. It uses fabric edging of the block and thick cardboard covers, both without finishing and with the covers facing with synthetic materials.

Diploma binding

The simplest and cheapest type of book binding, used for binding theses, term papers and dissertations. For this purpose, binding No. 7 is used, all-covered. Thanks to the new channel binding technology, a thesis can be bound in a few minutes.

Integral binding

Integral binding externally similar to solid, with the only difference being that the binding cover is made from a single piece of laminated cardboard. By simplifying the production technology, costs are reduced, so the price of integral binding is lower than the price of hard binding. In terms of durability and weight, integral binding occupies an intermediate position between soft and hard binding and has recently become increasingly popular.

Channel binding

HARDBACK – 7

Hardcover books are usually chosen for highly artistic publications. It has high performance characteristics and looks the most aesthetically attractive. The book consists of indoor unit(sewn notebooks) and covers(which in printing is called a cover). The lid is made of a cardboard base; according to its finishing, two options are distinguished: 7BC and 7B.

The inside sides of the cover are connected to the block by endpapers - the endpapers can be sealed or made of designer paper. The internal block is stitched with thread, which makes the strength and durability of such a product much higher. After the block is sewn, gauze or other spine material is glued to its spine. A captal, a braid with a thickened edge, is glued to the upper and lower parts of the block.

A subtype of hardcover is French binding, in which there are convex elements on the spine, they are called “bandages”. This design adds status, good quality and is often used in corporate gift editions, as well as in editions of art books.

Also, at the request of the customer, it is possible to produce a bookmark - a string. Lasse is a silk ribbon attached to the spine, very convenient for quickly finding the desired page. You can make a ribbon in a color that harmonizes with the overall design of the book or serves as a small color accent.

HARD BACK - 7BC (C=cellophaneized, i.e. with matte or glossy lamination)

The 7BC hardcover cover is made of a cardboard base - sides and back, covered with pre-sealed and laminated paper (possibly with UV varnish).

7BC - bright, with full-color printing, strong and durable - is rightfully one of the most widespread types of binding.

HARDBACK - 7B and 7T

In the production of books in 7B binding, paper vinyl, balacron, leather, fabric (binding type: 7T, from the word “fabric”), etc. are used as binding materials, which are used for backing, i.e. The cardboard of the binding cover is glued. The difference from the 7BC binding is that the 7B binding can be decorated using embossing, embossing, UV varnishing and other methods.

It is possible to combine spine 7B and sides 7BC.

SOFT BINDING (KBS): ADHESIVE SEAMLESS FIXING

Soft binding is one of the most inexpensive and quickly produced bindings. The cover of the KBS binding is made of designer paper, cardboard or paper with a density of up to 300 g/m2, pre-printed and laminated. After the cover is ready and the block is printed, they are glued together using special glue machines and the cover is creased “for opening”. Soft binding with adhesive seamless connection, due to its ease of execution and affordable price, is the most popular and one of the most affordable types of binding in book production. Our printing house offers KBS using polyurethane glue (PUR glue), which gives reliability, durability and improves the appearance of publications (a thinner layer, so the publication looks neater, the block openability improves, it is more convenient to read).

KShS (sometimes called ShKS), GLUE SEWING BINDING- a method of binding printed products intended for intensive and long-term use (magazines, brochures, catalogues, softcover books, etc.). Hot-melt bonding with preliminary sewing of the block on a thread sewing machine is sewing the block with threads plus fastening the block. KShS is a little more expensive than KBS, but stronger and more durable, with a lower production cost than hardcover. This is an ideal solution for high demands on product durability on a limited budget. Sewing notebooks with thread is a long-proven method of fastening book blocks: the block is divided into several notebooks (8, 12, 24, or 32 pages), the notebook is stitched with nylon threads and connected to the next notebook until the entire block is fastened. In this way, the sheets in each notebook are stitched together and all the notebooks together. Next, the roots of the blocks are crimped, glued into the cover with polyurethane hot glue, and finally the finished product is trimmed on three sides. KShS bindings are significantly superior to KBS bindings in terms of strength, service life and convenience, fully justifying the slight increase in cost.
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INTEGRAL BINDING

Integral binding is also called Dutch binding. Only a few printing houses in Russia are engaged in its production. At first glance, integral binding is practically no different from hard binding - it is also presentable and durable, but the internal structure of such binding is much simpler. The standard 7BC binder contains a binding cover made of heavy cardboard and binding material or laminated printed paper. Its production requires a lot of time and many technological operations. Making an integral cover is much easier. This is a single sheet of cardboard that is pre-sealed and laminated. Then they crease and bend the corners. It is possible to choose the thickness of the cardboard, and therefore the density of the lid. The remaining operations of making a book in integral binding are no different from hard binding (a sewn block - ShKS) is also used here. In our printing house, when creating books with integral binding, we switched to using PUR glue, which gives additional strength and improves the appearance of the product (its layer is thinner).
Books in integral binding are superior to hardcover in terms of weight of publications, they are flexible but durable, and also in cost; however, they may be slightly inferior in terms of block openability, which affects ease of use.

METAL SPRING BINDING

Spring binding is most often used for binding calendars (quarterly, desktop, wall sheet, etc.), various accounting documents, presentations and reports, reports and abstracts, catalogs. The main advantages of a metal spring binding are that it opens 360 degrees and always lies in the same plane, which is very convenient to use. Binding with a metal spring is more reliable than KBS. If you choose thick paper, especially with lamination, such a product will be very durable, “indestructible”...
Spring binding is often chosen for catalogs with a small number of pages and intended for frequent use. They also have a convenient cutout from the edge of the block to quickly find the sections you need.

BROTHERING WITH METAL STAPLE

Stapling is one of the simplest types of stitching products, in which several sheets are stapled along the fold line; it is used for publications up to 80 pages. There are ordinary staples and so-called “Euro staples” - with loops for filing in standard folders with rings. The cover of such a binding is usually made of paper or cardboard with a density of up to 300 g. Then it is fastened with 1, 2 or 3 metal staples to the product block. It is also worth noting that according to the technical requirements for this type of binding, the number of pages in a block must be a multiple of four.

BOLT-ON MOUNTING

As an alternative to a spring or any other binding, it is possible to use a bolted connection between the block and the cover. Bolts come in both metal and plastic. The color of metal bolts is silver, gold. Plastic bolts can be of a variety of colors, these are: blue, black, yellow, white, etc. It should be noted that the minimum length of the bolts is 5 mm, so the thickness of the block being fastened should not be less than 3-4 mm, otherwise such a design will look unattractive.

COVERS, BOXES AND CASES FOR BOOKS

In our printing house you can order cases for books of almost any size. As a rule, cases are made for gift and collector's editions, VIP presentations, manuals, and when printing hardcover books. The finishing and binding material can be very diverse, including genuine leather. We will develop interesting design solutions for book cases for you and will be happy to bring them to life.

Bindings are also divided into the following types:
No. 1 - all-cardboard edged;
No. 2 - all-cardboard with edging;
No. 3 - all-fabric soft edged;
No. 4 - hard all-paper with edging;
No. 5 - composite with a fabric spine and sides covered with cover paper;
No. 6 - integral binding;
No. 7 - all-fabric hard with edging;
No. 8 - composite with edging, with sides covered with one type of fabric, and with a spine made of another type of fabric;

Our printing house has almost thirty years of experience in producing publications in a wide variety of bindings - we have been working since 1988. By contacting us, you receive a guarantee of the quality and excellent appearance of your books, catalogues, brochures and other printed materials.

You can consult our managers in the office near the Alekseevskaya metro station on the intricacies of choosing binding, binding materials and the cost of work, by phone or by e-mail.

If you are planning to print a complex non-standard publication, we can offer assistance from our technologists, who will suggest the optimal choice of material and finishing methods for each specific product. We will be happy to help you!

To receive an estimate of the cost of printing books, catalogs, magazines, brochures, advertising printing, send a request. Please note that we offer offset printing, with circulations from 300 to several thousand copies, the larger the circulation, the more favorable the price per copy.

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