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Presentation on the topic of ticks. Presentation on the topic “Detachment Ticks. Study the history of the discovery of tick-borne encephalitis

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The presentation on the topic "Ticks" can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Medicine. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 17 slide(s).

Presentation slides

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Lesson at a school health camp day stay“Be careful, ticks!”

Danilova Yulia Valerievna, Deputy Director for Educational Management, Biology Teacher, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1” municipality"Ostrovsky district", Pskov region

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“Ticks have opened the hunting season in the Pskov region” “Over 500 residents of the Pskov region have suffered from ticks in a week” “Ticks are becoming more active”

What questions must be answered to obtain information about ticks? What can be a source of information about ticks?

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Kingdom: Animals Type: Arthropods Subtype: Chelicerates Class: Arachnids Order: Mites

Characteristic features: Small size up to 1 mm (rarely up to 5 mm), 4 pairs of walking legs Body more or less united. The mouthparts are gnawing or piercing-sucking.

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Top row - from left to right: scabies mite, soil mite, two-spotted spider mite, water mite. Bottom row, from left to right: grain mite, taiga mite, otobius, red mite

Role in a person's life

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How dangerous is an ixodid tick bite?

tick-borne encephalitis

Ixodid ticks transmit human pathogens:

tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease),

tick-borne typhus

relapsing tick-borne typhus

hemorrhagic fever and Q fever

tularemia and many others.

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How to behave in the forest?

When going into the forest, wear light-colored clothing (it makes ticks easier to see) with long sleeves, tuck your pants into your socks, and wear a hat or hood. Treat clothes with a special preparation that repels ticks. Beware of tall grass and bushes. Carry out a mutual inspection of clothing and skin every hour. Do not bring flowers, leaves, branches, pine cones from the forest - with them you can bring ticks into the house. Ticks must be burned, they cannot be crushed, as microcracks on the hands can cause encephalitis. Vaccination is the surest way to avoid disease

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What to do if bitten by a tick?

1. Tick removal is carried out in the trauma center of a city hospital or in the surgical rooms of clinics. 2. If necessary, you can remove it yourself. Gently pull the tick's body to the right and left, trying to free the proboscis. If the proboscis still remains in the wound, remove it like a splinter. Treat the wound with iodine or alcohol. 3. For consultations and prescribing preventive treatment, it is necessary to consult an infectious disease specialist as early as possible. 4. The removed tick must be examined for the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus. This is done (as well as a blood test in the first three days after the bite) in the laboratory of Rospotrebnadzor at the address: Gogol St., 21, according to a special referral issued by the medical institution. 5. If signs of the disease appear 1-3 weeks after a tick bite (malaise, fever, headache, vomiting, etc.), urgent treatment is required in an infectious diseases hospital.

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Myth 1. Any tick is dangerous

Only ixodid ticks pose a mortal danger.

Dog mite Spider mite

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Myth 2. The encephalitis virus lives only in ticks

Ticks are carriers of infection; wild and domestic animals are the reservoir of the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Another possible route of infection with tick-borne encephalitis is raw milk from a goat or cow infected with the virus. This danger can easily be avoided by boiling raw milk.

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Myth 3. Ticks jump onto their victims from tree branches

A hunting tick sits on the grass or lower branches

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Myth 4. It is easier to remove a tick by lubricating it with vegetable oil or Vaseline.

The spiracles (stigmas) are located on the side of the body, behind the fourth pair of legs and are surrounded by a plate. The tick can live without air for a long time, closing the plates like flaps.

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List of sources used Textbook: Konstantinov V.M., Babenko V.G., Kuchmenko V.S. Biology: Animals: Textbook for 7th grade students of secondary schools / Ed. V.M. Konstantinova, I.N. Ventana-Graff, 2003. - 304 p.: silt Encephalitis tick, truth and myths. – Access mode: http://www.zdravamir.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=463:2012-05-09-04-02-40&catid=12:2010-11-17-16-13- 13&Itemid=1. - Description based on version dated: March 25, 2013.

There is no need to overload the slides of your project with text blocks; more illustrations and a minimum of text will better convey information and attract attention. The slide should only contain key information, the rest is better to tell the listeners orally.

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Choose the right outfit, because... The speaker's clothing also plays a big role in the perception of his speech.

Try to speak confidently, smoothly and coherently.

Try to enjoy the performance, then you will be more at ease and less nervous.

Danilova Yulia Valerievna, Deputy Director for Educational Management, Biology Teacher, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1” of the municipal formation “Ostrovsky District”, Pskov Region

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“Ticks have opened the hunting season in the Pskov region” “Over 500 residents of the Pskov region have suffered from ticks in a week” “Ticks are becoming more active” What questions must be answered in order to obtain information about ticks? What can be a source of information about ticks?

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Kingdom: Animals Type: Arthropods Subtype: Chelicerates Class: Arachnida Order: Mites Characteristic features: Small size up to 1 mm (rarely up to 5 mm), 4 pairs of walking legs Body more or less fused. The mouthparts are gnawing or piercing-sucking.

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Top row - from left to right: scabies mite, soil mite, two-spotted spider mite, water mite. Bottom row, from left to right: grain mite, taiga mite, otobius, red mite Role in human life

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How dangerous is an ixodid tick bite?

tick-borne encephalitis Ixodid ticks carry human pathogens: tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), tick-borne typhus, relapsing tick-borne typhus, hemorrhagic fever and Q fever, tularemia, and many others.

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How to behave in the forest?

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What to do if bitten by a tick?

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Myth 1. Any tick is dangerous

Only ixodid ticks pose a mortal danger. Dog mite Spider mite

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Myth 2. The encephalitis virus lives only in ticks

Ticks are carriers of infection; wild and domestic animals are the reservoir of the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Another possible route of infection with tick-borne encephalitis is raw milk from a goat or cow infected with the virus. This danger can easily be avoided by boiling raw milk.

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Myth 3. Ticks jump onto their victims from tree branches

A hunting tick sits on the grass or lower branches

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Myth 4. It is easier to remove a tick by lubricating it with vegetable oil or Vaseline.

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Health is the main benefit of life. (Janusz Korczak)

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The tick bite is invisible and imperceptible. Before biting, the tick secretes an anesthetic substance. And only then does it stick. Protecting yourself from ticks First aid for an encephalitis tick bite A tick that has pierced the skin can be removed using the following method:

a drop of any oil (vegetable, machine) must be applied to the bite site to block the air supply;
After the tick wrinkles, it must be grabbed with tweezers and removed with smooth circular unwinding movements.
it is necessary to thread a thread between the body of the tick and the skin;
stretch the thread to the sides;
Using light circular movements, pull out the tick.

The tick must be removed very carefully. IT CANNOT BE REMOVED without adults! The tick must be removed with extreme caution so that its head does not come off and remain in the skin. Why? Yes, because the virus is contained precisely in the saliva of the tick. If possible, immediately deliver the tick body to the SES and get tested there. The analysis verification time is one day (the cost is ridiculous - about 30 rubles). If there is no virus, then the incubation period lasts approximately 2 – 4 weeks.

TICK JAWS

Remember, after visiting the forest, a thorough examination of the entire body is necessary!!! Timely help from a doctor will save you from diseases caused by a tick bite. Thank you for your attention! Resources used

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Why is a tick dangerous?

Why are ticks dangerous? Ticks are small arachnids. They are very small in size and are usually difficult to notice until they are pumped with blood. But then it’s already too late. When a tick lands on a person’s body, it does not immediately dig into his skin, but crawls for a long time, looking for the most delicate places (where the skin is thin).

Why is a tick dangerous? Most often it burrows into the groin area, armpits, neck, collarbone area, stomach and back. Its bite is completely insensitive, because the tick's saliva contains an anesthetic substance.

Why is a tick dangerous? Unlike mosquitoes, which, having sucked blood, immediately fly away, ticks stick for three to four days. From drinking blood, the ticks swell greatly, increasing in size three to four times, and only then fall off.

Why is a tick dangerous? Ticks are dangerous not because of their bite, but because they suck blood from various animals and acquire microbes from each animal. Then these microbes are introduced into the victim’s blood.

Why ticks are dangerous The most common is the forest tick. It is a carrier of tick-borne encephalitis, a severe disease of the central nervous system. Ticks can transmit not only encephalitis, but also up to 30 other serious diseases, including plague, tularemia, borreliosis, brucellosis, and typhus.

Why ticks are dangerous It is important to know that even if the tick bite was short-lived, the risk of contracting tick-borne infections cannot be ruled out. However, you need to understand that the presence of an infection in a tick does not mean that a person will get sick.

When ticks are dangerous Ticks are most dangerous in the spring-summer period; in August, the risk of infection decreases sharply, and in September-October it practically disappears. Ticks are most active in the morning and evening; they love shaded, damp places with dense undergrowth. They usually do not appear in bright places. Ticks love to be near paths where animals (including mice) walk. They love places where cattle graze, various clearings and remote places. In hot weather or rain, ticks hide and do not attack.

When a tick is dangerous Do not forget that ticks crawl from bottom to top. It is a mistaken belief that ticks attack from trees or tall bushes. They lie in wait for their “prey” among the vegetation of the lower tier of the forest (usually no more than 1 m in height). In tall grass, ticks have better protection against sun rays and more chances for attack.

Bitten by a tick: what to do? A tick bite is painless, only after a day or two does a feeling of slight nagging pain arise, as a local inflammatory reaction develops at the site of suction, sometimes with suppuration. The bite wound is usually very itchy and heals very slowly. If you notice a bite, you can remove the tick yourself or go to the clinic.

How to remove a tick? You can pull out ticks yourself using tweezers, a loop of strong thread (this method requires skill), or your fingers, preferably disinfected with an alcohol solution. If the tick has already burrowed deeply into the body, you can drip vegetable oil, Vaseline, or something enveloping it and blocking the access of air.

What to do with a tick after removal? It is important to know that in no case should you destroy removed ticks by crushing them with your fingers, since if you accidentally crush a tick, infection can occur as a result of rubbing the infectious agent into the skin or mucous membranes with saliva or tick tissue.

After removing the tick After removing the tick, the suction site should be treated with iodine, brilliant green, or washed thoroughly with soap. The insect itself must be taken for testing to determine if it is infected with tick-borne infections. If you definitely cannot take the tick for analysis, burn it or pour boiling water over it.

Tick analysis Tick analysis is needed for peace of mind - in case of a negative result, and vigilance - in case of a positive one.

How and where to take a tick for analysis? The tick should be placed in a small glass bottle along with a piece of cotton wool lightly moistened with water. Be sure to close the bottle with a tight lid and store it in the refrigerator. If this is not possible, simply place the tick in a box or wrap it in gauze and try to keep it alive. For microscopic diagnosis, the tick must be delivered to the laboratory alive. Even individual tick fragments are suitable for PCR diagnostics.

Donate blood The surest way to determine the presence of a disease is to take a blood test. There is no need to donate blood immediately after a tick bite, because tests won't show anything. No earlier than 10 days later, you can test your blood for tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis using the PCR method. Two weeks after a tick bite, test for antibodies (IgM) to the tick-borne encephalitis virus. For antibodies (IgM) to borrelia (tick-borne borreliosis) - after three weeks.

If the tick is infected If the tick is infected with Borrelia, then to prevent the development of borreliosis, the doctor will prescribe you antibacterial drugs. If it is a tick-borne encephalitis virus, you will be recommended to administer immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis (it contains ready-made antibodies) during the first 4 days after the bite. The administration of immunoglobulin significantly reduces the likelihood of the disease occurring, but cannot eliminate it completely. Therefore, doctors will monitor your health for 2 weeks.

Prevention of tick bites One of the means of preventing tick-borne encephalitis is vaccination. If the vaccination schedule is followed, diseases are extremely rare and, as a rule, are mild. However, vaccinations must be done on time - several months before the start of the season or before the intended walk through the forests. This is exactly how long it takes the body to “accumulate” a sufficient number of antibodies to infections and bring the immune system into full combat readiness.

Prevention of tick bites There is a so-called emergency vaccination, but its effect will not come immediately either - after a month and a half. That is, if you take injections in May, then by mid-July you will “accumulate immunity.” It should be borne in mind that the vaccine only protects against tick-borne encephalitis.

Prevention of tick bites To prevent tick bites, it is usually recommended to wear specially selected clothing for hiking in the forest that protects most of the body and fits tightly to shoes and wrists so that ticks cannot crawl under it. A hood or other head covering is desirable on the head (for example, a scarf, the ends of which should be tucked under the collar).

Prevention of tick bites It is better that clothes are light and plain, as ticks are more visible on them. Wearing overalls is really effective, but in the summer they are hot. Still, it is important to try to wear clothes that are as closed as possible.

Preventing tick bites There are many insect repellents on the market now. You need to make it a rule when going into the forest to use repellents that say “against ticks”; mosquito repellents are not effective. The most important thing is to try to prevent ticks from being sucked on. It is important to remember that the tick sticks tightly 1-1.5 hours after it hits the body.

Prevention of tick bites When walking along a forest road, do not tear off branches or deliberately pull them back. With this action you shake off onto yourself and the person passing behind you. greatest number ticks. After a walk, be sure to carefully examine yourself, because a tick bite, especially a male one, may not be felt or may be confused with a mosquito.

Symptoms that require you to see a doctor! If after a bite you: - a red spot has formed at the site of the wound from the bite, - the temperature has risen, - aches in the muscles and joints have appeared, - you have become afraid of light, - a rash has appeared on the body, consult a doctor immediately! Don’t forget that if you have any questions, you can always consult your local doctor.

Follow the safety rules, and then your vacation will be safe and will give you only a good mood!

The presentation was prepared by Siroshtanova E.A., MBOU Secondary School No. 76, Gigant village, 2014

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* Dangerous insects - ixodid ticks. Prepared by: Head of Development Department medical care children and obstetric services Kuksas E.P. 2010

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* Ixodid ticks (680 species): about 2 mm in size, classified as arachnids. Only female insects feed on blood.

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* Only two species are of epidemiological significance: Ixodes Persulcatus (taiga tick) in the Asian and in a number of areas of the European part, Ixodes Ricinus (European forest tick) - in the European part.

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* According to entomologists: ticks most often live in grass and low bushes. As a rule, it does not climb higher than 1 meter. The tick loves swampy deciduous places, where there is a high probability that someone making their way through the thicket will not pass by.

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* Tick attacks are very simple. He sits on a piece of grass or a twig, spreading his paws in different directions; if you touch a twig or a tick’s paw, it will definitely cling to you!

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* Very important to know: Ticks concentrate on forest paths and paths covered with grass along the side of the road. There are many times more of them here than in the surrounding forest. Studies have shown that ticks are attracted to the smell of animals and people who constantly use these paths when moving through the forest.

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* Widespread misconception: Ticks “jump” on people from birch trees? Indeed, in birch forests there are usually a lot of ticks. But the tick is in the grass and clings to clothing from blades of grass and crawls up, and is often found on the head and shoulders. This gives the false impression that the ticks fell from above.

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* How to avoid a tick bite: 1. Pay attention to the appropriate equipment of your clothing!

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* 2. Every 2 hours while in the forest, conduct a thorough examination of the body, removing and turning out clothes. After returning from the forest, conduct a full examination of the body and clothing. Do not bring picked flowers, branches, outerwear and other items that may contain ticks.

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* 3. Use preventive repellent (repellent) and insecticidal (destroying insects and ticks) preparations to treat and increase the effectiveness of the protective properties of clothing:

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* To protect children, preparations with a reduced content of repellent have been developed: these are Fthalar and Efkalat creams, Pikhtal and Evital colognes, and Kamarant. For children from 3 years of age, the use of Off-Children's cream and Biban-gel is recommended.

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* 4. Use insectoacaricidal and acaricidal agents to treat areas against ticks.

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* What to do if you find that you have already been bitten by a tick: Early and correct removal of attached ticks! Ticks, due to their physiological characteristics, do not immediately begin to feed on blood after sticking to the skin, therefore, if they are quickly detected and removed, the risk of being infected with infectious agents that are in the tick is reduced.

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* Methods for removing attached ticks: Oil treatment will not cause the tick to remove its proboscis. The oil will only kill it by blocking its breathing holes. The oil will cause the tick to regurgitate its contents into the wound, which may increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is better not to use oil.

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* 1. Using a strong thread: The thread is tied into a knot as close to the tick’s proboscis as possible, the tick is removed by pulling it up. Sudden movements are not allowed.

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* If the head with the proboscis remains in the wound, then there is nothing terrible about it. A proboscis in a wound is no worse than a splinter. If the tick's proboscis sticks out above the surface of the skin, it can be removed by holding it with tweezers and twisting it out. It can also be removed by a surgeon in a clinic. If the proboscis is left, a small abscess appears, and after a while the proboscis comes out.

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* 2. Using tweezers or fingers (common among tourists): Grab the tick with tweezers or fingers wrapped in clean gauze closer to its mouthparts. Then it is gently pulled and at the same time rotated around its axis in a convenient direction. After 1-3 turns, the entire tick is removed along with the proboscis.

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* - tweezers compress the tick's esophagus and allow saliva to enter the skin, which increases the risk of infection!

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* It is convenient to remove ticks with curved jewelry tweezers. Using thin trenches of such tweezers, you can grab the tick under the head without squeezing it. Such tweezers are used in ophthalmology and microsurgery.

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* Why is it necessary to rotate along an axis when removing a tick: the surface of the tick's proboscis is equipped with spikes directed towards the back of the tick. If you simply pull the tick, the proboscis, due to the spikes (like a fishhook), will become firmly stuck in the skin, which can cause it to tear off from the tick’s body. When rotating along the axis, the spikes curl toward the axis of rotation, and the head will not come off! The direction of rotation is not important!

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* 3. Using special devices created specifically for removing ticks: Most of them operate on the same principle - the tick is placed in a special recess and twisted out. The advantage of such devices over a clamp or tweezers is that the body of the tick is not compressed and, perhaps, the risk of infection is somewhat reduced.

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* Hook for removing ticks "TICK TWISTER" - The tick is grabbed from the side, slightly pulled and twisted.

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* Pro Tick Remedy - metal plate with recess: is a metal plate with a recess for a tick. The kit includes a magnifying glass with 5x magnification.

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* Tick Nipper - plastic pliers for capturing and removing ticks: Equipped with a magnifying glass with 20x magnification.

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* - disinfect the bite site (70% alcohol, 5% iodine, cologne, etc.) If you are not sure that you can remove the tick yourself, consult a doctor!

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* It is better to save the removed tick and send it for research - 1. Virological laboratory of the Federal State Healthcare Institution, Kostroma, st. Sverdlova, 23. (tel. – 51-61-33, 51-62-00). 2. ELISA laboratory of the First City Hospital, st. Sovetskaya, 77 (tel. – 31-45-53) Analysis is paid

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* Place the tick in a small glass bottle with a tight lid and place a cotton swab lightly moistened with water in it. Hands and tools should be thoroughly washed after removing the tick.

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* The most dangerous infections for human health transmitted through ticks and their prevention!

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* Ixodid ticks transmit human pathogens with natural focality: tick-borne encephalitis [the main carriers are the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus], tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), tick-borne typhus, relapsing tick-borne typhus, hemorrhagic fever and Q fever, tularemia , ehrlichiosis and many others.

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* Possible routes of infection: Through tick bites Eating raw milk (cottage cheese, sour cream) - goats, cows

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* Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE): TBE is caused by viruses that attack the central nervous system. Often 1-2 days before the onset of the disease: mild pain in the muscles of the neck, lower back, legs; headache; hands become weak. In the future - - Fever up to 39 degrees, nausea, vomiting, severe headache are characteristic, muscle pain increases, the psyche and consciousness are disturbed. The disease develops acutely, over several days. Threatens the development of complications in the form of paralysis. The incubation period is from 1 to 30 days.